In strictly formal terms, HyperText Mark-up
Language (HTML) is not in fact a markup language, but a specific
Document Type Definition (DTD) for the Standard General Markup
Language (SGML), where SGML is a standard for describing markup
languages, and a DTD is a specific markup language written using
SGML. Less formally it is the stuff that makes the World Wide Web
(WWW), the hypertext information system mainly developed by Tim
Berners-Lee [1] and a team at CERN, the European Particle Physics
Lab in Geneva, originally to meet the needs of the high energy
physics community there and worldwide. Development began in 1989,
and the WWW was installed at CERN in 1991.
The early browser software ran on the relatively
obscure NextStep platform. However, in 1993, Marc Andreessen and a
team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
and the University of Illinois announced plans for a new graphical
browser called Mosaic, which extended the HTML standard of the time
to include the display of images, and which is widely regarded as
having been the 'killer' application which fuelled the dramatic
growth of the WWW, subsuming and replacing previous methods of
information discovery and retrieval on the Internet. In 1994,
Andreessen and other Mosaic developers left NCSA to found Netscape
Communications Corporation, and develop the Netscape, currently the
leading web browser, with features which again extend the strict
HTML standard.
